Psychology Revision Notes Essay

Participants were divided into four groups which were acoustically corresponding, acoustically dissimilar, semantically similar and semantically dissimilar. Participants were presented with the list a total of 4 times and severally time was interrupted to try to prevent rehearsing. They were thusly presented with a 20-minute legal separation task and afterwards were asked to draw back their list. Semantically dissimilar words were recalled the closely telling us that encoding in LTM is semantic.Summary of charter on capacity of STM and LTMSummary of study on duration of STMPeterson & Peterson-Showed PPs a list of nonsense trigrams and asked them to count patronise from 400 in 3 second intervals for a duration ranging from 3 to 18 seconds. Found that duration of STM was 18-30 seconds maximum.Summary of study on duration of LTMBahrick-400 participants aged between 17 and 74 were tested using different methods including free-recall tests, photo-recognition test, name recognition tests and photo-name matching test. PPs performed slight well on free recall tests (30% after 48 years) besides were much better in the photo-name test (90% after 60 years).Models of fundDescription of the multi-store model of storehouse, plus evaluation inc. researchAtkinson & Shiffrin-Multi-Store Model which consists of tierce parts sensory, short term and long term stores. Rehearsal is unavoidable in order for information to move across stores and retrieval is mandatory to access the information. If information is not rehearsed it will decay.Description of the working memory model, plus evaluation inc. research Baddeley & Hitch-Working Memory Model which consists of threesome parts primal executive, phonological loop (store and articulatory control system) and the key executive.Memory in the real number worldKnowledge of what Eye find unmatchedself Testimony (EWT) is-The evidence provided in court by a mortal who witnessed a crime, with a view to identifying the p erpetrator of the crime. The accuracy of eyewitness recall may be affected during initial encoding, subsequent storage and ultimate retrieval.Loftus & Palmers (1974) study on EWT-Reconstruction of an Automobile Disaster. 9 disciple PPs per 5 conditions (bumped, contacted, hit, smashed and collided). All watched a video then asked to pronounce speed. Smashed the highest (40.8mph) and contacted the lowest (31.8mph). PPs in second part of experiment then asked a leading question about broken glass. 16/50 of the smashed condition PPs said yes in comparison to 7/50 in the hit condition.Knowledge of the factors which affect the accuracy of EWT fretting-Christianson and Hubinette (1993)Anxiety and EWT real incidents involving high levels of stress lead to more entire, detailed and long indestructible memories.Deffenbucher (2004)Carried out a meta-analysis of 18 studies, looking at the effects if heightened anxiety on accuracy of EWR. It was clear that there was considerable support for the possible action that high levels of stress negatively impacted on the accuracy of EWM.Age-Parker and Carranza (1989)Compared the top executive of primary school children and college students to correctly identify a target someone following a slide sequence of a mock crime. In the photo identification task, child witnesses has higher rate of choosing somebody than adults witnesses, although they were likewise more likely to make errors of identification than college students.Weapon focus effect-Loftus(1987)In violent crimes, arousal may focus attention on central details e.g. a weapon. Loftus et al identified weapons focus effect. 2 conditions, one involving weapon the other not. Condition 1 (less violent) people was 49% accurate in identifying man. Condition 2 (more violent) people were 33% accurate. Suggests weapon may have distracted them.