the outsiders :: essays research papers

"The Outsiders" is a story that deals with a conflict between two gangs, the "Greasers"from the East grimace of town and the "Socs" from the West-side of town. This is a story that istold in the first person. This book took place in the early 1960s.The mood of the story, inmy point of view, was pretty misfortunate and is a tragedy, because when you thinkthat it couldnt view worse, it just did. Ponyboy Curtis is the one telling the story.      The novel starts off, one day, as Ponyboy is walking home from a movie, he wasabout to get jumped and beaten by a gang of Socs, but at the last minute, his gang ofgreasers that includes his brothers Darry and Sodapop, who raise Ponyboy now thattheir parents have past away, the big tuff flirt Winston, innocent knot, and the loudand wise-cracking Two-Bit, show up to save him. The night after Jonny and Ponyboywent to the movies with D whollyy. They sat behind a pair of attractive Soc girls, whom Dall yhits on precise obnoxiously. After Johnny tells him to stop, Johnny and Ponyboy sit with thegirls, Cherry and Marcia, and Ponyboy and Cherry finds out that they both have a lot incommon. Ponyboy and Jonny sees Two-Bit there so they all sat together. As they arewalking back to Two-Bits house so he could drive the girls home, they run into the girlsdrunk boyfriends. Cherry and Marcia agree to bring home the bacon and go home with their boyfriendsto prevent a big fight.     Ponyboy got home very late, which made Darry very angry, but most of allworried. So sick and degenerate of having his brother critisizing and inspecting every little thingthat he does, Ponyboy yells at Darry, which caused them to get in a bad argument.Being so furious Darry slaps Ponyboy across the sheath In shock that his brother hadslapped him, he ran out the door and meet up with Jonny, they left for the park. At thepark Ponyboy and Jonny sees Bob and Randy, Cherry and Marcias boyfriends, with several(prenominal) of their Soc friends. One of the Socs held Ponyboys head under the water of thefountain, and Ponyboy blacks out. When Ponyboy finally woke up he was lying next toJonny. He looks to the side and sees a bloody corpse, it was Bob. To save Ponyboy,Johnny had to killed Bob.     In the second third of the novel, so terrified, the only person that they thoughtthat could help them was Dallas Winston.

how the stock market crashed Essay -- essays research papers

Many factors played a role in bringing about the impression however, the maincause for the Great Depression was the combination of the greatly unequal distribution ofwealth, banking problem, industrial power houses and agricultural depression whichultimately lead to the notorious Stock Market Crash of 1929. The roaring twenties wasan era when our country prospered greatly. The rapid increase in industrialization wasfueling growth in the economy, and engineering science improvements had the leadingeconomists living that the uprise would continue. During this boom period, wagesincreased along with consumer spending and stock prices began to rise as well. Billionsof dollars were invested in the stock market as people began speculation on the risingstock prices and buying on margin.On Thursday, October 24, 1929, the bottom began to fall out. Prices droppedcontinually as more and more investors move to sell their holdings. By the end of the day,the New York Stock Exchange had lost fo ur billion dollars, and it took the exchangeclerks until five oclock in the aurora the next day to clear all the transactions (Hicks 9)Following Monday the realization of what had happened began to sink in, and afull-blown panic set in. Thousands of investors-- many of them ordinary work people,not serious players -- were financially ruined. by the end of the year stock values haddropped by fifteen billion dollars (McElvaine 45). Many of the banks which had speculated heavily with their deposits were wipedout by the falling prices, and these bank failures sparked run on the banking system. Each failed bank, factory, business, and investor contributed to the downward spiral thatwould drag the world into the Great Depression (Hicks 22). During the roaring twenties which is commonly cognise as the Jazz Age, theirwas an obvious attitude that was for living for the moment. Americans in the RoaringTwenties turned inward, away form international issues and social concerns and towardgrea ter individualism. The accent mark was on getting rich and enjoying new fads, newinventions and new ideas. (Hiebert 73). The traditional values of rural America werebeing challenged by the infamous Jazz Age, what symbolized what is shock... ...et into a speculative pyramid game, in whichmost of the money invested in the market wasnt actually there.The car industry was the force behind many other(a) booming industries during thistime. In 1928, their were over 21 million cars on the road that adds up to one car forevery six Americans (Hicks 114). Steel, nickel, lead and other admixture industries prosperedwith 15% of its products going to the automobile industry ( Hicks 114). Rubber,petroleum, textile and leather companies were effected greatly by the car industry too. The automotive industry effected locution as well. the car had been essential to theurbanization of the country , because so many other industries relied upon it. With thisrapid urbanization came the need to build many more factories, homes, offices andstores. From 1919 to 1928 the saying industry grew from a mere 2.5 billion dollarsto 5billion dollars (Hicks 115). The Radio industry also prospered during

A Streetcar Named Desire, by Tennessee Williams Essay -- A Streetcar Na

ENGLISH ESSAYIn the play A Streetcar Named Desire, Tennessee Williams uses his brilliant writing to bring life to his characters in the story. I will be composing a character sketch on Stanley, one of the main actors in the play. I will focus on evaluating Stanleys ever changing character traits in the role he plays. They consist of different moods that he demonstrates during the play his aggressiveness, his love for Stella and also his rudeness and cruelty towards Blanche.Lets dispirit by talking about the way Stanleys aggressiveness affects the climax of the play. During scene three, while the boys were playing poker, Blanche and Stella come into the kitchen and, as a result, disrupt the games.This got Stanley very godforsaken and violent . For this reason he got up and began attacking Stella. Here is a passage from that scene Men Take it easy, Stanley, easy fellow,--Lets all--. Stella You lay your hands on me and Ill&8212(57) This just proves what I was saying about one of Sta nleys moods. His violence and the fact that he looses control of his actions is one characteristic which I didnt particularly like at all about Stanley. Heres another passage in Scene 10 that really shows how mean Stanley really is. This scene depicts when Stanley gets into a fight with Blanche. The scene concludes on a sour note when Blanche breaks a bottle top on the table and trys to hurt Stanley . Stanley says Oh S...

Classification Essay - Types of Gas Pumpers :: Classification Essays

Types of Gas Pumpers There are many types of people who purchase gasoline, precisely three types are easy to spot. All three have an obvious physical appearance which sets them apart from other gas purchasers. Each also has a distinctive fondnessing technique and freely vocalizes his opinion. Finally, each type has a particular way of annoying every other patron at the same location. The scratch line type of gas purchaser is waste Lou. He can be identified immediately by his appearance. He drives a station wagon with woody side panels and a bumper sticker that tells the world that he is retired. His Hawaiian print shirt captures everyones attention. He wears Bermuda shorts and black socks with sandals. On his head sits a tent-fly fishermans hat which is his obvious display of a continuous state of leisure. His pumping technique also sets him apart from the normal crowd. When he parks his car, he stops at the first pump, preventing the use of the pump in front of him. He always pays for his gas in advance, so that the attendant can preset the pump and he will not have to worry about stopping the pump himself. He activates the pump before opening the access door and unscrewing the tank lid. He tucks the hose under his elbow and spills gas on his hip while opening the tank. As void Lou leans against the side of his car, he pumps his gas absent-mindedly, confident that the pump will stop before gas pours onto the ground. Once the pump stops, he replaces the hose and screws on the tank lid but forgets to close the access door. Leisure Lou even vocalizes his not-a-care-in-the-world attitude. He whistles some melodic tune from The Sound of Music while pumping his gas. When inside the convenience store, he tells everyone how wonderful retirement is. But Leisure Lou can be a tremendous annoyance. He blocks the use of two pumps while he performs a number of time-consuming tasks. First he browses by the store with no intention of making a purchase. Then he washes his cars windshield. Next he visits the restroom to wash his hands and look at the defect on his hip. Last, he walks his dog around the small patches of grass that serve as landscaping.

Biblical Truths Confirmed by Archaeological Findings Essay -- Religion

Biblical Truths Confirmed by Archaeological Findings Abstract Statement I have chosen a issuance that is very important to me. As a Bible major, I believe the intelligence activity of God is vital and essential and that it is the only clear direction in life. Personally, I believe by faith the Bible is true from the first word in Genesis to the last word in Revelation. However, on that point be times when we need physical evidence to confirm our faith proving that the Bible does not just contain interesting stories, but is based rather on historical fact. I have always been interested in archaeological liftings seeing the amazing discoveries being made everyday. For instance, through these discoveries we now have substantiate evidence of the Kingdom of David, the reign of King Herod, the affirmation of biblical text shown through the Dead Sea Scrolls, and much more In my research, I would standardised to examine archaeological findings that confirm the biblical accounts. The i nformation has changed my spiritual life and I am sure it will do the same for you. Introduction I am fascinated with the information I have learned through my research and college studies concerning Archaeology. In this paper I will endeavor to relate my individualised interest in the subject matter, discuss a few of my favorite archaeological finds, and then conclude with King Herods most cherished basis Caesarea Maritima. This has not only proven to be a marvelous creation, but an even better archaeological find http//www.bibarch.com. National Standards I believe there are several standards that are closely aligned with biblical archaeology. The three standards I feel are most important are under the Places and Regions element. This includes Knows ... ...ill find For me this research proved to be an essential area for my studies and Christian life. I have found it to be a source of strength, assurance, and stronger faith towards knowing that the Word of God can be respected and trusted. Thank God. Works CitedInternational Standard Bible Encyclopaedia, Electronic Database copyright 1996 by Biblesoft Biblical Archaeology, www.bible-infonet.org/bin/ piteous/articles/Apologetics/Archaeology.html Tzaferis, Vassilios, Biblical Archaeology Review, January/February 1985, p. 44-53 International Standard Bible Encyclopaedia, Electronic Database, copyright 1996 by Biblesoft Biblical Archaeology Review, May/June 1982, p. 26-41 Almighty God, The Bible The Best of tease McDowell, A Ready Defense, Heres Life Publishers, October 1990, p. 92 Frank, Harry Thomas. Atlas of the Bible Lands, Hammond Inc., 1990

Biblical Truths Confirmed by Archaeological Findings Essay -- Religion

Biblical Truths Confirmed by Archaeological Findings Abstract Statement I bewilder chosen a down that is very important to me. As a Bible major, I believe the Word of God is vital and essential and that it is the only clear direction in life. Personally, I believe by faith the Bible is true from the first word in Genesis to the last word in Revelation. However, there argon times when we need material evidence to patronise our faith proving that the Bible does not just contain interesting stories, but is based rather on historical fact. I have always been interested in archaeological findings seeing the amazing discoveries being made everyday. For instance, through these discoveries we now have confirmed evidence of the Kingdom of David, the direct of King Herod, the affirmation of biblical text shown through the Dead Sea Scrolls, and much more In my research, I would like to examine archaeological findings that confirm the biblical accounts. The study has changed my spiritual l ife and I am sure it will do the same for you. Introduction I am fascinated with the information I have learned through my research and college studies concerning Archaeology. In this paper I will endeavor to relate my personal interest in the subject matter, discuss a few of my favorite archaeological finds, and then conclude with King Herods most cherished creation Caesarea Maritima. This has not only prove to be a marvelous creation, but an even better archaeological find http//www.bibarch.com. National Standards I believe there are several standards that are closely aligned with biblical archaeology. The three standards I feel are most important are under the Places and Regions element. This includes Knows ... ...ill find For me this research proved to be an essential area for my studies and Christian life. I have found it to be a source of strength, assurance, and stronger faith towards knowing that the Word of God can be respected and trusted. Thank God. Works Cited planet ary Standard Bible Encyclopaedia, Electronic Database copyright 1996 by Biblesoft Biblical Archaeology, www.bible-infonet.org/bin/short/articles/Apologetics/Archaeology.html Tzaferis, Vassilios, Biblical Archaeology Review, January/February 1985, p. 44-53 International Standard Bible Encyclopaedia, Electronic Database, copyright 1996 by Biblesoft Biblical Archaeology Review, May/June 1982, p. 26-41 Almighty God, The Bible The Best of Josh McDowell, A Ready Defense, heres Life Publishers, October 1990, p. 92 Frank, Harry Thomas. Atlas of the Bible Lands, Hammond Inc., 1990

Death Of A Salesman-The Flute As A Motif Essay

Death Of A Salesman The Flute as a Motif A motif is anything that occurs several times in the course of a literary work. Because they are repeated so often, motifs tend to pose what is permanent in a cause, a society or even the human condition. Even so, they also serve to establish a tone, a way of feeling about what is happening. In the story of Death of a Salesman, the pinch glass serves as a vital motif throughout the entire play. Firstly, the flute is used to show failure to the outgoing which Willy lived and it then grows to live it on the present.Throughout the play, it is clear to see in many of the scenes, where Willy beings to drift off that the flute appears most of the time. This is a way to show that Willy is having a regression or a sort of failure. On varlet 18 of the novel, He breaks off in amazement and fright as the flute is comprehend distantly (Miller, page18). This fact, that Willy breaks off, a sign of losing his temper and having one of his usual, unle ss strange attacks, showing his sickness and the racket in his mind. The flute here is comprehend at a distance in order to show that Willy is slightly going out of his mind.Also, the flute is also a way for Willy to remember his yield who was one of Willys most important role models. Throughout the play, it associates the playing of the flute with Willy remembering his father, who would make and contend flutes. So, while reminding him of his father, the flute takes him back in time to his young years and his childhood. Father was a very great and a very wild-hearted man. We would start in Boston. And hed toss the satisfying family into the wagon, and then hed drive the team right across the country through Ohio, and Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, and all the Western States.And wed stop in the towns and sell the flutes that hes made on the way (Miller, page 49). So, this reminds him of his father and he wishes he could be just like him as he was informal and fulfilled his goals and dreams. Hes remembering his childhood as he talks about the different places that they traveled. Furthermore, the flute is used to show disturbance inside the mind of a character or sickness which Willy is suffering. Its used to show the audience that Willy is sick and that his mind is also sick. Each time he dreams or drifts off to imagination, the flute is heard in the background or at a distance.From the right, Willy Loman, the Salesman enters, carrying two large sample cases. The flute plays on. He hears but is not aware of it (Miller, page 12). The connotation of the flute here is being used as a way to show disturbance within Willys mind because he is not aware of the flute although it is being played. The flute has faded away. He sits on the bed beside her, a little numb (Miller, page 13). Since the flute stops playing, he seems numb and seems to be imagining things, which is his sickness. Moreover, the flute is also used as a characteristic of Willy because each time Willy appears, the flute is at that place with him.Even at his death, the flute seems to be there in the distance. A melody is heard, playing upon a flute (Miller, page 11). The opening stage directions begin with the flute and it is connected with the character entering as Willy is the first character introduced to the audience. Biff remains a slight distance up and left of Linda. She sits there, call herself. The flute begins, not far away playing behind her speech (Miller, page 139). Here, the flute is being used as a characteristic of the character because Willy has already passed away and Linda remembers Willy.In remembering him, the flute plays. Hence, it represents the flute as a motif associated with Willy Loman. Lastly, Only the music of the flute is left on the darken stage as over the house the hard towers of the apartment buildings rise into sharp focus, and the curtain falls (Miller, page 139). The play ends with the flute being heard in the background and once ag ain Willy Loman is alone and dead while his family leaves. The flute still continues to play as the curtain falls. In conclusion, the flute is a vital motif in the novel Death of a Salesman because it represents many things.It is important in showing the failure to the past which Willy lived and it then begins to live it on the present. Also, the flute is also a way for Willy to remember his father who was one of Willys most important role models. Furthermore, the flute is used to show disturbance within the mind of a character or sickness which Willy is suffering. Lastly, the flute is also used as a characteristic of Willy because each time Willy appears, the flute is there with him. The flute has undeniably shown great importance and significance in Death of a Salesman. Bibliography Miller Arthur. Death of a Salesman, Penguin Books, 1976.

Impact of Social Media

A Media Research On strike of fond media, texting and otherwise technologies on favorable dialogue. Submitted as a part of Media Research MJMC- 2011-2013 pic Submitted by Sakshi Choudhary Prerna Wadhwa Adittya Kaul Chitra Singh Megha Sharma Zosang Pachuau Anumika Bahukhandi cite The successful completion of this file marks the beginning of a instructing experience on such(prenominal) an interesting topic. It would be worthwhile to mention the contributions make by the slew around me leading to the completion of this practical file.We argon deeply indebted to Ms, Manu Sharma for giving me kind and valuable guidance through and throughout the mark of this study. It was her constant and catalytic actuation that led to the successful completion of this practical file. Without her untiring efforts and encouragement, this file could not comport taken its present shape. We would all overly resembling to thank to all other faculty members who provided constant support and encou ragement, during the project. Sakshi Choudhary Prerna Wadhwa Adittya Kaul Chitra Singh Megha Sharma Zosang Pachuau Anumika Bahukhandi TITLEImpact of societal media, texting and other technologies on fond communication INTRODUCTION Social networking media, texting and other technologies induce crept into our lives like no other engineering science revolution in the new-fangled past. The societal media revolution has completely transformed how we exercised to live our lives. In this context, we mat up it would be interesting to understand the furbish up of complaisant media on three major facets of human existence The psychological daze Revolutionary impact and The genial impact The psychological impact of social media on individuals is immense.The positive aspect of the entire experience has been the ability to connect with muckle. The core USP of texting and social networking sites such as Facebook or Twitter is its ability to connect with lot across the world and thi s brings a certain sense of joy to plenty. You would dumbfound met lots of your old friends through Facebook and that ability to stay in touch with them irrespective of locations makes it a very positive psychological impact on individuals. However, there is another side to this coin. I know a lot of small adults who wake up to Facebook without even brushing their teeth.On a personal level, I halt known stack who flip been online on Facebook for ages without even signing out. There comes a point, after the initial connect with old friends, where you would be idling your time on Facebook doing literally cipher for a long time. This idling time makes you lost and completely distracted from what you had initially int cease to do. From 10 mins of Facebook, it would have become 2 hours of Facebook at a stretch. So this dependency to social networking sites makes one even unaw be of the genuine time zones, creating a invalidating impact on peoples mindsets.This addiction to stay connected and noticed makes one prioritize these small things over m each often important activities. Revolutionary Impact The biggest power of the social culture culture medium is the ability to mobilize support for social ca parts in a very short span of time. The Arab Spring is a point in case for the biggest execution of the social medium and it as well reflected some of its own shortcomings. The advent of the Arab Spring would not have been possible if not for the social media. Both Twitter and Facebook were extensively exercised to galvanize support to shake the dictator regime and remove it from office.The Tahirir Square uprising symbolized the probable of social media to trigger and create change in a nations prospects. However, it also has showed some of the shortcomings of the medium itself. Even though the social media was able to assist the revolution, it needed people on the landed estate to sustain it and implement the changes. Al al virtually after a year, t hey have had their President elected and ironically it is a leader from the radical Muslim Brotherhood. Social media could not help in implementing change on the ground beca expenditure its not accountable and its virtual(prenominal) in nature.This entire episode shows the impact power of social media and also shows that social media burn down trigger and support movements but the success of such movements depends much upon the core issues raised on the ground. One of the biggest successes of the social media revolution is the summation of fairness that intrinsically the social networking sites have in particular Twitter. There is such an outdoors platform for the common citizen to interact and evolve it shapes many peoples identities and ideologies. Being an open and unbiased medium, it is actually the worlds most efficient democracy in its truest sense.In addition, it helps to provide so much information that it enriches people with loads of information. Information is indeed wealth and this medium provides so much for it. Ironically, this extensive outpouring of information leads to one of the common issues that social media in worldwide faces. Social Impact Having an opinion on any issue is a right for any individual, there is no doubt it. However, the power of social media is such that it influences peoples opinions very fast. It also leads to opinion makers who make short sighted comments that might be just fitting for a 140 letter character.There is a certain level of irresponsibility within certain sets of people that leads to this discussion macrocosm only a one carriage street. One way abuse or giving opinions without responsibility makes the social media, at times, an ocean which has varied levels of depth. While it is a legitimate right for anyone to have their view, it demand to be with decorum that befits educated individuals. Amidst all these various impacts of the medium, one gets the impression that social media has blatantly obvious p ositives and some sur veridical ostracises that get underplayed very often.Since all(prenominal)one brags about the positives, the negative impacts at both stage of the assessment need to be also taken into account. It liberates the common man to have his voice heard in an open platform and helps to connect people across generations. In this process, it also provides him an additional freedom for individuals to air their views on issues. However, this excessive overf moo of information andconnections evict also have a detri rational effect on the personal lives and attitude of individuals if it is not superintendd in a mature manner.The balance needs to be the key, with regards to the virtual life and the real life, only this balance and a matured democraticmindset preempt make the social media experience a worthwhile one. in advance(p) conveniences such as using cubicle phones and the creation of social networking sites (Facebook, MySpace, YouTube, Twitter) for interaction ha ve shown a variety of influences in the enquiry. Within the social networking spectrum exists the activities of jiffy messaging (IMing), texting, blogging, bulletin boards, and posting (comments, precondition updates, and videos).Greenfield and Yan use the Effects Model to explain the shift from seeing the cyberspace as doing something to adolescents to an outlook that consists of adolescents taking an expeditious role in co-constructing their own purlieus. As with any object, the responsibility falls upon the internet drug user or social networker as to the purpose of engaging in the activity and what is hoped to be accomplished. However, technological side do whitethorn not always be apparent to the individual user and, combined with millions of other users, whitethorn have large-scale implications.Therefore, each participant has a dual roleas an individual who may be affected by the social environment and as a participant who is interacting with others and co-constructing the comparable environment. Given that communication plays a central role in personal alliances and that relationships are assessed by the communication skills of others (Burleson, 2003), baulk in the ability to effectively communicate may forget successful relational buildment in young adults.This pot potentially impact an set up of life areas such as family relationships, socialization, school performance, and employment. Further, the failure of young people to effectively resolve infringes in person understructure jeopardize safety and may lead to chronic acts of 4 violence that include vocal threats, pushing, grabbing, punching, and fighting. Thus, the lack of conflict dissolving agent skills may lead to the use of human services and thing in the legal system, requiring the need to access limited pecuniary resources, and also the risk of out-of-home placement.Despite the potential benefits for adolescents who engage in the various figures of social networking, suc h as the sense of being understood and supported by peers the seek is showing that the excess use of this engineering may underhandedly inhibit proper interpersonal skill development. Due to the nature of the social work traffic and its efforts to enhance the lives of youth and plan for their successful transition into adulthood, further examination of the impact of social networking on adolescents is justified.Therefore, it is the purpose of this study to examine the impact of social networking on the skills of communication and conflict resolution within the young adult population. Benefits and Concerns of Social Networking contrary theories have surfaced regarding the impact of social networking. It has been free-base that participation in social network sites provides a number of potential benefits for adolescents. It provides a virtual place to sink time and share thoughts and objects with personal meaning, such as pictures and stories, and remain nigh connected with frie nds regardless of geographic outmatch.Also, it is believed that individuals may ascertain empowered when using social networking to establish relationships that provide information, mutual assistance, and support. Finally, it was found that teens with difficulties may use online relationships as temporary bridge that bring them into safe and comfortable face-to face relationships. All of these mentioned benefits to participants, especially adolescents who are attempting to expend social skills and explore who they are as individuals, add to the justification of including social networking into the current developmental perspective.Despite the potential advantages of social networking, there are a number of concerns. A well-known study conducted by Kraut, Patterson, Lundmark, Kiesler, Mukophadhyay and Scherlis (1998) was one of the first to examine the relationship between mesh use and the aspects of social interestingness and psychological well-being. The HomeNet field trial fo l poored 93 families in their first 12-18 months of being online. A total of 256 people took part in the study. It was hypothesized that the users would subjoin their sense of social support and tincture less lonely, be less affected by stress, and have improved mental health.However, the directs of the study showed the opposite. Associations were found between increased net income use and minifyd social involvement, feeling more lonely, and an increase in depressive symptoms. Another result was that higher meshwork use was related to a decrease in communication among family members. The results of the original study were criticized and caused much controversy, prompting a second study. The review study found varying results that contradicted the results of the first study in all areas except life stress.Another consequence of social networking that has been addressed in the question is the issue of cyber intimidate. Much data exists regarding the negative aspects of socia l networking and the incidence of cyber bullying and victimization among users. Traditionally, bullying has taken place during face-to-face interaction. However, advances in technology have opened up new ways for this to occur over electronics, from texting on booth phones to the posting of comments or videos on websites. Regarding text bullying, the prevalence of its occurrence ranges from 15-32% .In nationally representative tidy sums of 10-17 year-olds, it was found that twice as many youth inform they were victims of online harassment in 2005 as compared to data from 2000. The issue of cyber abuse (bullying, unwished sexual advances, and stalking) should be taken very seriously due to the detrimental do on victims, which include feelings of depression, guilt, shame, as well as self-harm and withdrawing from family and friends. Using a phenomenological approach, an analysis of anonymous posts by adolescents revealed a high incidence of cyber bullying from two real-life acqu aintances and those who were met online.In another study, it was found that students who were text bullied were significantly more likely to feel unsafe at school than those students who had not been text bullied. Whether due to low self-consciousness or poor social 11 skills, adolescents who turn to online relationships because of feelings of isolation by peers may find that online relationships are make full with complications. It is within these relationships that adolescents may be victimized by cyber bullying, unwanted sexual advances, and even cyber stalking. MEDIUMSInternet surfing The term Internet surfing appeared after the creation of the personal computing machine and the Internet and is seen as an mention of channel surfing, where viewers randomly change channels on a television using a remote control with no real physical effort. Internet surfing is activity described as spending time maundering either random or targeted websites on the Internet for non-communicat ion purposes. Users can view websites to gather information, play interactive games, shop, and view photos and movies.Surfing the Internet can be addictive in nature because individuals receive short-term mirth every time they go online, making it very desirable to continue to go online to receive this gratification. Studies have demonstrated that excessive Internet surfing may increase depression and social anxiety. Therefore, individuals who struggle with Internet surfing and also enter in social networking as a means of meeting their social needs may be at risk for a significant decline in communication and conflict resolution skills due to their isolative behaviors.Moreover, it was found out adolescents with low perceived friendship quality reported significantly higher depression and social anxiety. Since excessive computer use can inhibit exploring ones actual environment and impact the growth of friendships, this is of major concern. Instant messaging. In contrast to surfin g, instant messaging (IM-ing) consists of sending real-time online computer messages to another user in a mutually established conversation. Researchers found that IM-ing is the most popular method of communication among teens who go online, with 75% using this medium and 48% doing so at least once a day.This format is typically private and can be an opportunity for adolescents to practice and develop social skills. However, a recent longitudinal study showed that IM-ing6 predicted more depression among adolescents over a six month period. The do of Internet surfing and IM-ing on internalizing problems may be closely related due to the finding that adolescents who spend more time IM-ing also spend more time surfing. Texting The short messaging service (SMS), more normally known as texting, is the cellular phone version of IM-ing and also results in most instant messages between the sender and receiver.Cell phones have been engineered over the past days to accommodate the demand o f texting, such as offering a encompassing QWERTY keyboard, and many cell phone carriers offer plans that contain unlimited texting. A survey conducted on 2,277 American adults by the Pew Research Center found that 18-24 year olds sent or received an average of 109. 5 text messages per day, which full treatment out to be more than 3,200 text messages per month. In a European study of 635 participants ages 16-55 years old who visited a website and completed an online questionnaire, 48. % reported preferring to use their cell phones for texting over voice calls and 26. 1% reported texting too much This study also measured levels of loneliness, indicateive control, interaction anxiousness, and conversational involvement. Two significant findings were that 61% of the participants express they say things in text that they would not feel comfortable saying face-to-face and 64% stated they feel they are able to express their true feelings best in text messages rather than in face-to-fa ce interactions or voice calls. Modern conveniences such as using cell phones and the creation f social networking sites (Facebook, MySpace, YouTube, Twitter) for interaction have shown a variety of influences in the seek. Within the social networking spectrum exists the activities of instant messaging (IMing), texting, blogging, bulletin boards, and posting (comments, status updates, and videos). Greenfield and Yan use the Effects Model to explain the shift from seeing the Internet as doing something to adolescents to an outlook that consists of adolescents taking an active role in co-constructing their own environments.As with any object, the responsibility falls upon the internet user or social networker as to the purpose of engaging in the activity and what is hoped to be accomplished. However, technological side effects may not always be apparent to the individual user and, combined with millions of other users, may have large-scale implications. Therefore, each participant ha s a dual roleas an individual who may be affected by the social environment and as a participant who is interacting with others and co-constructing the same environment.Given that communication plays a central role in personal relationships and that relationships are assessed by the communication skills of others (Burleson, 2003), impairment in the ability to effectively communicate may hinder successful relational development in young adults. This can potentially impact an array of life areas such as family relationships, socialization, school performance, and employment. Further, the failure of young people to effectively resolve conflicts in person can jeopardize safety and may lead to chronic acts of 4 violence that include communicative threats, pushing, grabbing, punching, and fighting.Thus, the lack of conflict resolution skills may lead to the use of human services and involvement in the legal system, requiring the need to access limited financial resources, and also the ri sk of out-of-home placement. Despite the potential benefits for adolescents who engage in the various types of social networking, such as the sense of being understood and supported by peers the research is showing that the excess use of this technology may underhandedly inhibit proper interpersonal skill development.Due to the nature of the social work profession and its efforts to enhance the lives of youth and plan for their successful transition into adulthood, further examination of the impact of social networking on adolescents is justified. Therefore, it is the purpose of this study to examine the impact of social networking on the skills of communication and conflict resolution within the young adult population. Statement of problem This project focuses on evaluating the impact of social media, texting and other technologies on interpersonal communication.It will help us in knowing the positive and negative impact of these respective mediums interpersonal communication. Nowa days people spend more than 50% of their time on socializing or texting. Some of the most popular Social Medias are facebook, twitter, blogs, BBM, whatsapp texting. The popularity of these social mediums has not only captured the interest of people but has also influenced their interpersonal communication strongly. The main agenda behind this research is to find out the impact of these mediums on the interpersonal communication of people. conditional relation OF THE STUDYResearch can be defined as the search for knowledge or as any systematic investigation to establish facts. The primary purpose forresearch is discovering,interpreting, and thedevelopmentof methods and systems for the advancement of humanknowledgeon a wide variety ofscientific mattersof our world and the universe. HYPOTHESIS An hypothesis is a specific report of prediction. It describes in concrete terms what you expect will happen in your study. NULL HYPOTHESIS There is a direct relationship between Impact of soc ial media, texting and other technologies on interpersonal communication.ALTERNATE HYPOTHESIS There is no conclusive relationship between Impact of social media, texting and other technologies on interpersonal communication Literature Review According to Vitak (2008), there are some reasons why an individual uses asocial networking site. The first reason is for them to meet strangers and become friends withthem. Thistypeofrelationshipiswhatwecallaweakinterpersonal relationship. The majority of respondents of her research paper (57%) said they were initiallyintroducedtothosefriendsthroughmutualfriends,which increasesthe likelihoodofsuchrelationships evolutionintostrongties.Ontheotherhand, responsestoaseparatequestionoverwhelminglysupportthehypothesis. Whileasignificant portion or respondents said they have at least a few online-online friends,85% said they do not communicate with the majority of their online-only friends, and just one respondent saidthat he/she considered thosefriend s asastrongtie. by means of social networking siteslike facebook, the user tends tomaintain his weak interpersonal relationship with his online friends because of an easy communication.He can use private messaging, chat rooms, and other method of communicating provided by the website. On the other hand, a strong interpersonal relationship with his offline friends needs time and effort to be maintained. Distance between two users that can change an offline relationship into online relationship is also a reason why an individual uses SNSs. Nearly two-thirds (65%) ofrespondents said the majority of their friends have a Facebook account, which suggests that many students use the site to stay in touch with their offline friends.Keeping in touch with friends remains the primary reason for site practice session across both years in school and gender. Furthermore, approximately one-third (31%) of respondents with friends who do not have a Facebook account say they would be closer to those friends if they were on the site, and 87% of respondents said they had neer experienced negative consequences in their offline relationships due to content in their Facebook profiles, which suggests that most respondents benefit from using the site.With the use ofprivate messaging and chat rooms of this site, students can communicate and maintain a healthy relationship with their friends from far places with ease that takes only a few seconds to complete it. Social Networking Sites also havenegative effects inoffline relationships. Somethings found in the site can lead to misinterpretation for some people. Because of online messaging or comments that are visible to everyone in the friends list of a user, an offline relationship can be affected or destroyed due to fights that will happen.For example, a jealous boyfriend saw a comment from a mysterious boy posted on the wall of his girlfriend that says intimate words, because of this, the relationship between the girl and his boyfri end can be broken. Another negative effect is, because of posting comments on the wall of a user became much easier, it will also be effortless for otherpeople to spread rumors and gossips that can destroy a life of an individual. As a larger percentage of communication moves into the digital arena, we will see a general weakening of ties between people.This weakening will be less pervasive among a persons closest circle of friends and more obvious among lesser friends, as digitalcommunicationwillbecometheprimarymodeofcommunicationintheserelationships http//www. scribd. com/doc/27327211/The-Influence-of-Social-Networking-Sites-to-Interpersonal-Relationships-of-the-Students-of-Rogationist-College-High-School-Department-S-Y-2009-2010 Social Networking and Interpersonal Communication and Conflict declaration Skills among College Freshmen By John J. Drussell Social Networking ActivitiesAdvancements in technology have resulted in people being able to access a wealth of information and p articipate in virtual opportunities not previously available. Through the tools of computers and cell phones, partnership has moved from engaging in face-to-face interaction while performing these activities to endeavors that do not require in-person interaction with others. The thingumabobs have therefore become the actual mediators between people and knowledge or entertainment. Within recent years, technology has also made available different avenues for communicating.The capabilities of computers and cell phones have allowed users to develop means to participate in the world of social networking, now making the device the mediator of communication between individuals. 5 Internet surfing. The term Internet surfing appeared after the creation of the personal computer and the Internet and is seen as an fender of channel surfing, where viewers randomly change channels on a television using a remote control with no real physical effort. Internet surfing is activity described as spe nding time visiting either random or targeted websites on the Internet for non-communication purposes.Users can view websites to gather information, play interactive games, shop, and view photos and movies. Surfing the Internet can be addictive in nature because individuals receive short-term gratification every time they go online, making it very desirable to continue to go online to receive this gratification (Selfout, Branje, Delsing, Bogt & Meeus, 2009 Hall & Parsons, 2001). Studies have demonstrated that excessive Internet surfing may increase depression and social anxiety (Selfout et al. , 2009 Morgan & Cotton, 2003).Therefore, individuals who struggle with Internet surfing and also participate in social networking as a means of meeting their social needs may be at risk for a significant decline in communication and conflict resolution skills due to their isolative behaviors. Moreover, Selfout et al. , (2009) found that adolescents with low perceived friendship quality reporte d significantly higher depression and social anxiety. Since excessive computer use can inhibit exploring ones actual environment and impact the growth of friendships, this is of major concern.Instant messaging. In contrast to surfing, instant messaging (IM-ing) consists of sending real-time online computer messages to another user in a mutually established conversation. Researchers found that IM-ing is the most popular method of communication among teens who go online, with 75% using this medium and 48% doing so at least once a day (Hinduja & Patchin, 2008 Lenhart et al. , 2005). This format is typically private and can be an opportunity for adolescents to practice and develop social skills (Selfout et al. 2009 Morgan & Cotton, 2003 Valkenburg & Peter, 2007). However, a recent longitudinal study showed that IM-ing6 predicted more depression among adolescents over a six month period (Selfout et al. , 2009 Van den Eijnden, Meerkerk, Vermulst, Spijkerman & Engels, 2008). The effects of Internet surfing and IM-ing on internalizing problems may be closely related due to the finding that adolescents who spend more time IM-ing also spend more time surfing (Selfout et al. , 2008 Subrahmanyam, Greenfield, Kraut, & Gross, 2001). Texting.The short messaging service (SMS), more commonly known as texting, is the cellular phone version of IM-ing and also results in virtually instant messages between the sender and receiver. Cell phones have been engineered over the past years to accommodate the demand of texting, such as offering a full QWERTY keyboard, and many cell phone carriers offer plans that contain unlimited texting. In fact, Crabtree et al. (2003) expected SMS to dominate mobile messaging in regards to both traffic strength and revenue well into the last quarter of the decade (Reid & Reid, 2007).In a Norwegian study of 19-21 year olds, participants sent an average of six texts per day in 2001. When the same age group was measured again in 2007, this number tripled to an average of 18 text messages sent per day (Ling, 2010). A survey conducted on 2,277 American adults by the Pew Research Center found that 18-24 year olds sent or received an average of 109. 5 text messages per day, which works out to be more than 3,200 text messages per month (Smith, 2011). In a European study of 635 participants ages 16-55 years old who visited a website and completed an online questionnaire, 48. % reported preferring to use their cell phones for texting over voice calls and 26. 1% reported texting too much This study also measured levels of loneliness, expressive control, interaction anxiousness, and conversational involvement. Two significant findings were that 61% of the participants stated they say things in text that they would not feel comfortable saying face-to-face and 64% stated they feel they are able to express 7 their true feelings best in text messages rather than in face-to-face interactions or voice calls (Reid & Reid, 2007). Quality of Social Networking RelationshipsPersonal interaction is and has always been an important role of the human experience. Prior to the technological revolution and creation of personal computers and cell phones, relationships were typically developed and maintained by means of face-to-face interaction and verbal or written communication. With the development of the Information Age, characterized by the ability for people to freely and conveniently access and exchange information through technology, the way in which our society interacts with one another has continued to transform.Technological Determinism Theory attempts to help explain how changes in methods of communication through advancements in technology impacts general society. According to this theory, media technology shapes how individuals in a society feel, act, and think as well as influences how society functions as they move from one technological age to another. In other words, people learn how to think and feel the way they do based upon the messages they receive through the current technology.This theory supports the belief that the medium is the message and that people adapt accordingly and will utilize the means in which society as a whole is using to communicate. As the medium changes, so does societys way of communicating. If the medium is impersonal, then the message itself is also impersonal (Mcluhan, 1962). With the creation of the virtual world, individuals have the opportunity to interact with others, both known and unknown, in a variety of ways. With the change in nature of these relationships, it has been of interest to gauge the perceived quality of online relationships.Because Internet sites, such as America Online (AOL) and Facebook, allow groups of users to 8 connect with other groups, users engage in group forming activities that are comparable to faceto-face groups (Giffords, 2009). According to Ellison, Steinfield, and Lampe (2007), social networking sites on the Internet may be used t o strengthen relationships that already exist, therefore acting as a bridge between the online and offline worlds (Perez-Latte, Portilla, & Blanco, 2011).A study by the USC-Annenberg Digital Future Project (2006) on Internet usage found that 43% of Internet users who are part of online communities feel as strongly about their online communities as they do about their real-life communities (Giffords, 2009). In another research study among adolescents, a prominent finding was that participants who had developed friendships and relationships online consider them to be as real as relationships in their actual lives. Further, these online friendships were described as being ong-term, trusting, and very meaningful (Mishna et al. , 2009). Because of potential attached meaning to these virtual relationships and the possibilities that human interaction may become volatile and unpredictable, it is of explicit interest to investigate how users, specifically adolescents and young adults, manag e to communicate and resolve conflicts within these communities. Therefore, more research is needed in this area. Benefits and Concerns of Social Networking Different theories have surfaced regarding the impact of social networking.It has been found that participation in social network sites provides a number of potential benefits for adolescents. Cited by Hinduja and Patchin (2008), it was found that benefits of online interaction include that it provides a means in which to learn the ability to relate to others, tolerate differing viewpoints, express thoughts and feelings in a healthy way, and practice critical thinking skills (Hinduja & Patchin, 2008 Berson, Berson, & Ferron, 2002), In addition, Clavert (2002) states 9 that communicating with others on the Internet is an opportunity to explore self-identity and enhance self-discovery.Another perceived benefit is that the Internet increases the possibility to contact peers, thus enhancing self-esteem and feelings of well-being (Se lfhout et al. , 2008 Morgan & Cotton, 2003 Valkenberg & Peter, 2007). Further in regards to social networking, the Internet provides a virtual place to spend time and share thoughts and objects with personal meaning, such as pictures and stories, and remain closely connected with friends regardless of geographic distance (Hinduja & Patchin, 2008 Boyd, 2006).Also, it is believed that individuals may feel empowered when using social networking to establish relationships that provide information, mutual assistance, and support (Giffords, 20069). Finally, it was found that teens with difficulties may use online relationships as temporary bridges that bring them into safe and comfortable face-toface relationships (Wolak, Mitchell, & Finkelhor, 2003).All of these mentioned benefits to participants, especially adolescents who are attempting to practice social skills and explore who they are as individuals, add to the justification of including social networking into the current development al perspective. Despite the potential advantages of social networking, there are a number of concerns. A well-known study conducted by Kraut, Patterson, Lundmark, Kiesler, Mukophadhyay and Scherlis (1998) was one of the first to examine the relationship between Internet use and the aspects of social involvement and psychological well-being.The HomeNet field trial followed 93 families in their first 12-18 months of being online. A total of 256 people took part in the study. It was hypothesized that the users would increase their sense of social support and feel less lonely, be less affected by stress, and have improved mental health. However, the results of the study showed the opposite. Associations were found between increased Internet use and 10 decreased social involvement, feeling more lonely, and an increase in depressive symptoms. Another result was that higher Internet use was related to a decrease in communication among family members.The results of the original study were c riticized and caused much controversy, prompting a second study. The follow-up study found varying results that contradicted the results of the first study in all areas except life stress. Another consequence of social networking that has been addressed in the research is the issue of cyber bullying. Much data exists regarding the negative aspects of social networking and the incidence of cyber bullying and victimization among users. Traditionally, bullying has taken place during face-to-face interaction.However, advances in technology have opened up new ways for this to occur over electronics, from texting on cell phones to the posting of comments or videos on websites (Marsh, McGee, Nada-Raja, & Williams, 2010 Patchin & Hinduja, 2006). Regarding text bullying, the prevalence of its occurrence ranges from 15-32% (Marsh et al. , 2010 Beran & Li, 2005). In nationally representative surveys of 10-17 year-olds, it was found that twice as many youth reported they were victims of online harassment in 2005 as compared to data from 2000 (Giffords, 2009 Wolak, Mitchell, & Finkelhor, 2006).The issue of cyber abuse (bullying, unwanted sexual advances, and stalking) should be taken very seriously due to the detrimental effects on victims, which include feelings of depression, guilt, shame, as well as self-harm and withdrawing from family and friends (Mishna et al. , 2009). Using a phenomenological approach, an analysis of anonymous posts by adolescents revealed a high incidence of cyber bullying from both real-life acquaintances and those who were met online (Mishna et al. , 2009).In another study, it was found that students who were text bullied were significantly more likely to feel unsafe at school than those students who had not been text bullied (Marsh et al. , 2010). Whether due to low self-esteem or poor social 11 skills, adolescents who turn to online relationships because of feelings of isolation by peers may find that online relationships are filled with compli cations (Wolak et al. , 2003 Egan, 2000). It is within these relationships that adolescents may be victimized by cyber bullying, unwanted sexual advances, and even cyber stalking.Communication and Conflict Resolution Skills successfully maneuvering through life requires attaining a set of skills, for example the ability to communicate with others and work through conflicts, that are acquired through different avenues during a persons developmental journey. From the early days of mainframe computers to the present, computers have been mostly used for interpersonal communication (Sproull & Kiesler, 1991). In fact in terms of meaning, communication is the most important use of the Internet for adolescents (Greenfield & Yan, 2006 Gross, 2004).Regarding conflict resolution, Chung and Asher (1996) and Rose and Asher (1999) have argued that responses to hypothetical situations involving conflict are similar to responses observed during real-life conflict (Johnson, LaVoie, Eggenburg, Mahone y, & Pounds, 2001). This highlights the value in presenting opportunities to practice these skills to prepare for real life situations. However, these hypothetical situations were presented face-to-face to a group by a facilitator and did not include a technological or social networking component.With an overwhelming trend among adolescents and young adults toward the reliance on technology for communication, it is speculated that the decline of face-to-face interaction will result in decreased ability to handle real-life conflicts. In analyzing data from a study of adolescents with close online relationships, it showed that a disproportionate number reported high amounts of conflict with their parents as well as low levels of communication with their parents (Wolak et al. , 2003). In another study, dolescents who engaged in online 12 communication and felt frightened or that they were in significant trouble did not stretch out and communicate with their parents (Mishna et al. , 20 09). Empirical data in social work literature, as well as other professional journals, on the effects of school-based conflict resolution programs have been positive, suggesting that teaching conflict resolution skills to students increase their knowledge of how to resolve conflict using non-violent means (Woody, 2001 Johnson, Johnson, Dudley, Mitchell, & Fredrickson, 1997).Although some research exists that examines the activities of social networking and the potential effects, both positive and negative, on its users, there is a gap in the empirical literature. Social networking relies on technology and is conducted over specific devices with no charge of face-to-face interaction, which results in an inability to access interpersonal behavior and signals to facilitate communication. Adding the possibility that relationships can become volatile and unpredictable, no current research addresses how social networking affects the ability for users to resolve conflicts in their daily l ives.A concerted effort to focus on how social networking impacts the ability to perform the functions of communication and conflict resolution in real-life relationships would be highly beneficial. The available research did not speak to these particular issues, hence the impetus for this quantitative study. Therefore, this researcher proposes the following research question What is the impact of social networking on interpersonal communication and conflict resolution skills? http//sophia. stkate. edu/cgi/viewcontent. cgi? article=1021&context=msw_papers OBJECTIVE to analysis Impact of social media, texting and other technologies on interpersonal communication ? to understand the impact of social media on three major facets of human existence o The psychological impact o Revolutionary impact and o The social impact. ? To understand Benefits and Concerns of Social Networking RESEARCH METHODOLOGY RESEARCH PROCESS The research is basically done with the help of Survey, one of the most important research instruments. A Questionnaire was prepared in order to conduct the survey. Specific and selective questions were added in it accordingly. open ended and 5 close ended questions were added. Sample size was decided and the area of research was decided. How sampling will be done, how it will be divided and what will be the sample size, everything was kept in mind before filling the questionnaires. After preparing the questionnaires, they were sent out to be filled. People filled it by expressing their views and ideas. After getting that questionnaires filled, we went through every questionnaire. And then data and analysis was done. SAMPLING OF RESPONDENT Survey sampling In statistics, survey sampling is random selection of a sample from a finite population.It is an important part of planning statistical research and design of experiments. Sophisticated sampling techniques that are both economical and scientifically reliable have been developed. Random Sampling Sampl ing can be defined as a part of population. Thus random sampling may be defined as the selection of a portion from the whole population in which each elements of the population has an equal chance of being selected. A more enrapture definition is that each element in the population has a non-zero and known probability of selection a randomly drawn sample is an unbiased sample.In this research survey 50 people were surveyed at random to get the relevant information. INSTRUMENT USED A questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of a series of questions and other prompts for the purpose of gathering information from respondents. Questionnaires have advantages over some other types of surveys in that they are cheap, do not require as much effort from the questioner as verbal or telephone surveys, and often have standardized answers that make it simple to compile data.However, such standardized answers may frustrate users. Questionnaires are also sharply limited by the fact that respondents must be able to read the questions and respond to them. LIMITATIONS ? It was hard to catch comport of people who could actually take out sometime to fill the questionnaire ? Many of the respondents might not have given the correct information and have filled the questionnaire just for the sake of it. DATA ANALYSIS According to the research done, some of the points and facts that came in light will be provided in data tabulation.The survey was a great help for finding and discovering facts which are as follows Q. 1 Do you have access to internet? Yes No Almost all the people have access to internet Q. 2 What social networking mediums do you use for communication? According to my research 10% of the people use social networking sites, 60% use instant messaging and 30% use messages or texting Q. 3 what is the most preferred medium that you use? 25% of the people use facebook,30%use BBM, 40% use whatsapp and 5% use other mediums Q. How often do you visit social network websites? 75% of the people said very often they visit the social network websites Q. 5 why do you use social networking sites? 20% of the people use social networking sites for updating photos, status and more, 65% use these sites to socialize, 10% o build professional relations, and 5% to stay in touch with friends Q. 6 how much time do you spend on these networking mediums? 10% of the people spend 1 hour on these mediums, 15% spend 2 hours, 70% spend 3-5 hours and 5% spend all day long.Q. 7 How many text messages do you send in a day? 80% of the people send 10 or even less than 10 text messages in a day Q. 8 Do you think there is any change in your way of communication with friends? If yes, what are the changes you feel? 75% of the people say that they feel that there is a change in their way of communication with friends. Varied answers were there for this question Q. 9 Do you think people are losing the warmth of relations and becoming formal because of sending messages thr ough these mediums? 0% of the people said yes that they think people are losing the warmth of relations and becoming formal because of sending messages through these mediums and 60% said no they dont feel it that way Q. 10. Does it exempt them from interact outside? 40% of the people said that they do exemt from socialising outside and 60% said that they dont . QUESTIONNAIRE NAME AGE GENDER Q. 1 Do you have access to internet? Yes No Q. 2 What social networking mediums do you use for communication? Q. 3 what is the most preferred medium that you use?

Compaison of two poems †‘Night Over Birkenau’ and ‘Earrings’ Essay

This essay will be analysing and contrasting two numberss relating to the Auschwitz concentration camp out during WWII and how it diversely affected Jews.The first poem is darkness all over Birkenau, a first hand view poem written by Tadeusz Borowski to display the daily lives of Jewish prisoners in concentration camps and Earrings, a second multiplication poem by Annette Bialik Harchik, written to inform readers how Jewish women were imprisoned whilst exploring spirits such as the racial discrimination by Nazi Germans in the Auschwitz concentration camp.By exploring these aspects it callms that the poems argon written to father a voice to the deceased Jews who strike died without having the chance to inform the piece about the inhumane crimes inflict upon them deceitfully.From the start of nighttime over Birkenau readers atomic number 18 bearn a clear insight to the poems setting, hence the title Night over Birkenau. This gives readers the virtuoso of insecurity as a setting in the night is homogeneously to be more vile. This is then reinforced in, Again the grim sky closes. Grim gives readers a sense of horror and sky closes apparent(a)ly proves that the prisoners are captivated in this horror, it is inescapable. Again reinforces that it is cyclic, constant and never ending within their hearts.The Jews feeling of horror is initially derived from the surly methods employ by the Nazi Germans to exterminate them. These were methods such as the crematorium, and the eyes of the crematorium blaze. The news blaze allows readers to interpret the vividness and aggressiveness of the flame moreover it is the substance ab habituate of personification in eyes which emphasises the intensity of the heat as the eyes symbolise the shape of an igniting red and blue flame. The personification allows readers to interpret how muffled the Nazi Germans have made the length of the termination process, as the eyes represent a quality of live humans. They were burnt alive which emphasises the woe that Jews had to go through. Just to die in the end.All this gives us a like comparison of hell. In my opinion, the Germans in the poem possess a font sympathetic Gods, turn outn by their possessiveness over a wide nation, and, how they wiped them easily because of their ignorant, unjustified hate.There is boost reference to the eyes later in the poem which lav effectively be connectered to stanza cardinal where Borowski refers to the eyes and the poison on the selfsame(prenominal) pull out, my eyes are poisoned from sleep. This reinforces the psyche that the prisoners were tortured in the methods of death utilise as poison takes a long time to distil in the body, slowly working its means through the body resulting in the victim leftover in agony. Alternatively, the reference to the eyes made in the above quotes can mean that the Germans crimes were existence watched and would not go without being k forthwithn to the world (hence how we now know). The use of eyes shows that they are being watched more widely than just saying eye.Imagery of natures deceitful and unwilling peculiar(prenominal) is similarly portrayed in Earrings.At the end of the poem, we are similarly shown how nature trying to contri plainlye to the Germans crimes.This is shown on the ending stanza of the poem. Harchik does this by describing the holes dug in which the camp prisoners corpses to be buried in, The empty holes, and, on the beside line they are described as grown shut. This is a rattling effective way to use language, it emphasises natures attempt to stop the finding of the Jews corpses after the massacre. This is shown by the use of oxymoron to emphasise how the holes that the Germans have dug to mass bury the prisoners corpses is conceal by grass growing over the burial sites eventually levelling gain with the rest of the earth.The predilection of natures conceal of the Germans crimes is similarly portrayed in Night ove r Birkenau. Fog descends over Birkenau. Descends allows readers to watch out the slow approach of the fog covering all signs of reality. The use of fog allows readers to interpret the spreading of blemish and confusion on its progression. The fog concealing Birkenau can symbolise the ignorance of the outside world. They were blinded by mere fog which the Germans use as a flying veil to their crimes. The worlds ignorance is shown by the way the outside world did not have a basic outlook of what was really happening privileged this typical, yet deceitful looking camp. mean solar day be day, the tension of hungersickness and fear accumulated within the prisoners. Even their feet were not put to rest. But, instead, they had to demote wooden shoes. A source of pain and can sometimes prove fatal. And with all this people in the Auschwitz camp were losing sanity. They were afraid of anxious(p). Not just dying but not being found again. Borowski cleverly presents the loss of sanity t o readers by the theme of astronomy, blue hunting watch- lost among the stars. For one, a setting in out space is in truth effective as it reinforces the same theme as the night, as space, likewise, is pitch black. The real reason to why Borowski employ this quote is because the Orion is visible to eitherone, all around the world. Yet, historically, because of the business (and lack of care) the world gave no attention to the crimes which were happening.Physical loss is shown in Earrings in stanza four. On the first line, Harchik shows readers how abominable her frets physical condition is once she left her earrings from the last stanza, Under her wavy white hair. The use of white emphasises the dramatic change in physical attributes that happen within a character this emphasises how much the camp prisoners must have been worked out. The use of the alliteration, Wavy white, gives a double impact and meaning to the ageing idea, as similarly wavy hair is often degraded in qual ity and is the last stage of hair development within a person thus it is a characteristic of an ageing person.Fear is to a great extent referred to in Night over Birkenau. It was the initial reason to why people in concentration camps lost sanity. This fear of death and humiliation had a huge psychological impact on the prisoners. Which, with the deprivation of food and water, depression and over working it could precisely get worse.The first stanza describes the potential threat which the camp prisoners are facing, and this is done in very simple and deeply understood language, comparable a crouching beast over the camp. The word beast is used to portray a grim character which will do anything possible to harness its goal. This fear is further reinforced because a beast overly possesses a savage, daunting appearance. But fear is shown whenBorowski uses the word crouching, to show that prisoners lived under threat as the Nazi Germans have the potential to take you. Just like th e beast. The use of enjambement helps to reinforce the beasts potential tokill by the use of death imagery, The moon sets queasy as a corpse. The colour of the moon is comparable to corpse. The aftermath of death. Alternatively this can show fear by the way that prisoners could not look up to the sky for foretaste but misery.At the beginning of stanza two, Borowski shows readers the lack of defence prisoners had and their vulnerability to the Nazi Germans in, And like a shield abandoned in battle. The use of shield abandoned and abandoned in his simile allows readers to see the situation the Jews were in. They could not retaliate, as, without a shield, they could not defend themselves enough to make it a pretty battle. They were betrayed and their only chance of survival was by following their enemies instructions until their fates are decided.This quote can link with, Lead foot crushing my chest. Lead is a metallic element, and without the shield mentioned earlier, prisoners wer e not able to defend themselves against the metallic crush attack style inflicted by the Nazis boots, making them resign for the humiliation. We can see this by the way the poet chooses to describe all images of fear and death figuratively to personify how they were mislead to the gate of hell, The transports growl in darkness. Borowski chooses to use transports instead of simply saying transport, to emphasise the abnormal amount of train activity in the camp. The fear is further reinforced by the use of onomatopoeia, growl which can be linked to animal imagery of the beast in stanza one.The purposeful play of plurals is used similarly in stanza 4 to convey a disparate meaning, Like Gods judgement on the corpse of the earth. This only refers to one thing corpse, instead of saying corpses this is done to show that the Jews sensation. They all went through the same experience and they all die in the same place, they were all equal in such a tragedy.Fear is presented in a differentl y in Earrings. Harchik identifies her familys name on the first line instead of keeping anonymous as Borowski does in his poem. This shows us that the intention of the poet was to speak out to give a voice to the Jewish women almost 45 years after the mass termination of the Jews in her poem published in 1989 with opposite similar poems speaking about Jewish women in the Auschwitz camp. The way in which the Jewish generation suddenly arises from its dormant state in decades shows how survivors were afflicted with fear from the experience they had to go through.Earrings shows speaks out by, first of all, giving her familys name, with the basis of the poem coming first hand from her mothers perspective but is also based around other Jewish women, the general picture. In comparison to Night over Brikenau, Earrings surround itself around a more itemual and of import theme thus it is less(prenominal) emotional. Readers are shown the poems factual content by Harchiks straightforward la nguage, which is effective and to the point, stripped, shorn and tattooed. Straightforward and to the point. breathing out is presented in both poems. But, in Earrings Harchik shows the readers the loss by deprivation of vital things to Jewish girls, such as culture.Ears pierced in infancyadorned in stringgolden hoops for girlhooddiamond studs for marriage.Harchik shows the loss of identity and culture by the way that people, without her earrings, would not be able to differentiate whether she is unify or not they lost their identity. And the magnificence is shown by the clever use of semi-colons to emphasise how each step and any step was equal in importance and must be conducted in a womans lifetime and the deaths of Jewish children shows the deprivation that is caused by the Germans.Harchik explores the aspect of death in the concentration camp. This is shown in stanza three to show the death toll of the prisoners using the earrings as a symbol of their identityleaving behind herearringsin a huge glint pile of jewelry.The word huge emphasises the sheer amount of women imprisoned as they have all left their belongings in the pile. Harchik uses the word leave to show the that her mother left her possessions with her intention which reinforces the deceitfulness of the Nazi Germans as they lied and told the Jews that they were only going in for a shower, when, in fact they were to be inhaled with toxic gas.Glittering shows that the jewellery was new and polished in other words, it was to give an impression. This can be referred historically to the way Jews were deceived into a incorrect destination, the total opposite of what they have been told. A destination in which there minds would never dwell on. Alternatively, glittering can suggest the speed at which everything is happening, which is very fast. Whilst the pile of jewellery is huge, it is still glittering to emphasise the activity of women leaving their possessions and never coming back out. both (prenominal) poems portray the same sense of unity between the Jews making them one. This is shown in a simpler and more effective form in Earrings because the link of unity between the Jewish women was also a link of culture as all the women carried at least earrings. Harchik shows us this by using the world pile in, in a huge glittering pile of jewelry. Pile suggests the disorganization in the camp which reinforces the idea how everything in the camp was going at extreme speed. But, it is this pile which suggests the equality that all the Jews had every persons possessions was mixed in a huge pile with other cheaper or more expensive items. There is a huge paradigm of whos this jewlerry may belong to whether it was a poor or a rich person. All that really mattered was that these people were Jewish.In Night over Birkenau, Borowski displays the aspect of humiliation in a discreet way to emphasises his feelings. A clear example of this humiliation is shown in stanza three. Humilia tion is shown here when the Nazi Germans stamped their shoes on the prisoners to show how their dominance over them as they are the Arian race and how Jews were inferior in comparison to them. This lead foot crushing my chest.The use of words like crushing is effective, it does not simply say stamping but goes into a higher level of complexity to relate it to make it deadlier to emphasise that the Germans were never lenient with the camp prisoners. This can subtlety linked with the previous line of the Stanza Breath rattles, which is a sound of suffocation as the Germans crushed the prisoners chest.From this, we can subtract how Jews were racially ridiculed as soon as they reposeed the camp. They were not only humiliated but seized in a deadly way which is reinforced in the enjambment, is the lock up of three million dead. This is what almost all Jews had to go through regardless of who they were in the other world the world were they had their own names.Prisoners humiliation is portrayed in Earrings. Harchik guides readers through it in a chronological format where commas identify the pause between every step, my mother was stripped,shorn,tattooed. Harchik uses a continuous 3 line enjambment to show the speed at which everything is happening. Once prisoners are off the train they must do what the Nazi Germans tell them without a pause. The personal reference to her mother will make readers more sympathetic towards the situation since a mother is a character of significance. Prisoners were treated barbarically like a herd of sheep.We can see this by the way they had to follow all orders given to them, just like the sheep would do to the farmer without a halt. What is even more humiliating, is the way that the womens heads were shaven off completely, shorn. This is done to remove any environmental variation between them. They could not be themselves they were almost clones of each other serving the Germans. They were not easily differentiable and in some ca ses it was non-deferential between a man and a woman. And this mark of identity is shown by the way they were tattooed almost a sign from the Germans of their permanency in the camp. This shows the how some prisoners were even humiliated by their simple, indirect thoughts.There is also an effective use of alliteration in both Night over Birkenau and Earrings. Both of the poems use alliteration to convey both both the onomatopoeic meaning and a hidden historical inference. In Night over Birkenau, alliteration is used to show death Its steamy stifling. This refers to the sound of a snake Ss, which is an example of animal imagery with the intention to bring death. The use of steam emphasises the intensity of temperature whilst stifling reinforces the idea of the Germans control. Despite the living conditions they are in they are forced to live through it. The punchy full-stop is used to show an end to the life of prisoners who chose to give up than live under control.Alliteration is similarly used in Earrings to show the camps treatment towards prisoners My mother was stripped,shorn. The alliterate use of Ss is used here again, striped,shorn. The main use of alliteration here is because of its historical reference. SS stood for Schutzstaffel, a major Nazi military organisation run by Adolph Hitler during World struggle 2 this organization was primarily responsible for the crimes for the crimes against humanity, thus was the major inflict of pain and suffering to the Jews. Onomatopoeia is used in shorn and when read gives a Shhh, a sound of sheering which reinforces that the women prisoners heads were shaved off.Reference to religion in poetry helped prisoners to keep sane during very demanding times. With the prisoners loss of identity, culture and even their name there would only be one thing in which they can truly embrace in their hearts without the feeling of a threat, which is religion.In Night over Birkenau apparitional issues are raised and introduce d in the first stanza to set an instant scene of terror, Grim sky closes circling like a vulture over the dead silence. The idea of the sky circling in vulture like motions, in Jewish scriptures is a sign to determine the Day of Judgement. They tangle that this was the end of the Jewish spurt. And indeed it was the Day of Judgement for them this was the Nazi Germans intention. To wipe out all Jews from existence. Alternatively, the quote can be used to show the death by animal imagery. The Nazi Germans are seen as the vulture, circling around its prey, the Jews. This simile further emphasises the vulnerability of the prisoners. Borowski chooses a vulture to show how strongly patrolled the prisoners were. Whilst they may think that they are safe they are still watched cautiously by the Nazi Germans.On stanza three, readers are pellucidly shown the death. Not figuratively but statistically. Is the silence of three million dead.Furthermore, these quotes can link us as to how Borows ki consciously gives evidence to the silence in the camp emphasising the Jews fearfulness speak. Silence is shown when Borowski coherently uses death imagery and death implies silence this is evident by the poet in the fourth stanza, like a vulture over the dead silence and this is reinforced by Is the silence of three million dead.In comparison with Earrings, there is no involvement of religion.Earrings concentrates on culture and identity.Night over Birkenau is structured chronologically. The first stanza gives readers an insight to the poems setting including the thematic information to give the reader an idea as to what the poem is about.The first two lines of the second stanza progress to tell the reader about the emotions that the people felt including their loss which is an effective follow-up from stanza ones description of the night, the last two lines of stanza two show us the feelings of the people on the way to enter the camp, The transports growl in darkness.Stanza thr ee concentrates on the suffering and humiliation that the camp prisoners went through. The image of death is effectively shown throughout this stanza and there is an effective use of punctuation mark to reinforce death and tension, Its steamy, stifling. Sleep is a stone. Contracted form is used to reinforce the idea of stifling as it can be used to show the suffocation and lack of space the prisoners had. The full-stop at the end of steamy, stifling. can be used to show an end of life to some prisoners. The obvious idea of death is shown at the end, is the silence of three million dead.Stanza four is cyclic to stanza one and gives the repetition of night, Night, night without end. No dawn comes. The repetition of the night shows us the routine of the prisoners daily life in the camp but an alternative interpretation would be that the prisoners did not have hope, and hence No dawn comes. cluck is the opposite of night, thus it must mean hope and the dawn not coming reinforced the id ea that hope did not come.Also, notice how there is a consistency in the number of lines in each stanza this can also show how there was the same daily routine in the camp, Borowski makes everything in the poem repetitious just to show the number of times these crimes have happened without the world knowing the prisoners did not have a voice. We can see Borowskis cyclic approach from the beginning of the poem, Night again. Again the grim sky closes. The use of repetition, again, reinforces the idea of routine and the tediousness of camp life. This is also effective when the poem is actually being read as again is repeated twice.This is similarly portrayed in the Earrings. Both poems follow the same gradual chronology birth to death. This is slightly different in Earrings. Harchik does not set a scene but ironically shows us the earrings as being a part of the prisoners life, it was a sign of hope for them. Harchik instead uses tabbing structure to separate the earrings away from the poem to similarly show the lack of hope but it is now shown ironically in comparison to Night over Birkenau as the object of hope is now away rather than the object of misery being within the text. This can be interpreted to show how far away it was for the prisoners to be heard by the rest of the world and the lack of voice they received.Earrings is a personal second generation poem and and so the language nor the structure did not touch on sensitive issues that the Jewish generation in general felt, but bases it on what Annette Harchiks mother. The tabbing structure is heavily relied on by the poet to describe what it was before and after the entrance in the camp. The first stanza talks about her own familys perspective and we notice how it consists of 3 lines to show that it has a lower priority in comparison with stanza 2 which gives background information relating to all the women in the camp and thus given four lines.The third stanza is the biggest with the factual conten t of what has happened to her mother, my mother was stripped. Although Harchik bases this on the mother, she does go forward to give the idea on the wider perspective of what has happened to the people on the last line of stanza three, in a huge glittering pile of jewelry. The enjambment used from the last line follow on from earrings, the symbol of the people this is effective use of the enjambment because it links very well to the huge glittering pile, which again evidently shows that a wide number of people were involved.Punctuation in Earrings is less intense than Night over Birkenau. Harchik uses punctuation to separate different thing in the camp in a step to step format, mother was stripped, shorn, and tattooed. light upon how there is a comma between every step that her mother has to go through, this is effective to the reader as they have to pause between every step. This can also be interpreted to show the sheer humiliation that the camp prisoners had to go through the pause emphasises that the prisoners had to stand there waiting for the next step to be conducted right in-front of crowds upon crowds of other, humiliated people.Lack of hope is similar between both Earrings and Night over Birkenau, both poems repeat the symbol which is transport misery or ironically in Earrings, hope. In Earrings, we witness the presence of the word earrings in the first stanza to start the poem and the third stanza where the conflict is being described, once again the tabbing structure between the text and earrings emphasises that there is a lack of hope which is similarly show in Night over Birkenau but with the text to show the lingering presence of evil..From studying these poems. I can evidently see that Borowski is a poet who has went through a lot of pain and agony before having the courage to show the world exactly what happened to Jewish prisoners during WW2. This is shown in his poem by the coherent references to methods of deaths, torture and disturbing images. We can learn from the poem, and his character is that living through demanding times like a concentration camps can totally change ones state of mind and this is why Borowski has a coherent reference to death imagery to feel like hes not the only one.But even with all this, it was amazingly with child(p) to escape the camp, but even harder to escape the mental scars which the camps life has subsided within him resulting in an arousal of his suicidal feelings, and hence this mental solicitude caused him to commit suicide at the mere age of 28 despite being freed from the camp. Both poems allow us to relate to the massacres that have occurred during World fight II to the Jews, as both flow progressively in a structured order. Earrings has successfully explored the identity, culture and humiliation aspect in stanza three, whilst on the other hand, Night over Birkenau heavily related to the fear and the death.In my opinion, the poet is trying to show readers that nothing exceeds humiliation, loss of culture and identity. And hence why Harchik after some years after the Holocaust she merely goes into the aspect of death but instead comments on the humiliation, loss of identity and culture. Her determination to inform the world is evident in her poetry. Her determination to tell the world about the Germans crimes gained her credaince to publish Earrings in Blood to remember a 21st century version of the original Earrings with a wider use of structure to further convey the loss of people.Personally, I preferred studying Night over Birkenau as Borowski conveys his meaning to readers in a very vivid way. It is very inspiring and makes me think about how horrible it must have been to be in such a demanding situation. Night over Birkenau allowed me to see how the world can be very deceitful to obtain and help who it wants and the constant repetition to the silence allowed me to think about how can the outside world not pay any attention to anyone. Not eve n a threatened nation fore coming the plague of World War 2s plagued war-zone.

How important is this cycle to Earth? Essay

The hydrologic cycle or the piddle cycle is basically the incessant and continuous flow and movement of water, beneath, above, and on the flat coats surface (Encyclopedia of Earth, 2007). It involves a number of processes such as the changing of water into its different presents, namely, vapor, ice, and liquid, as it goes through the different stages of the cycle (Encyclopedia of the Earth, 2007). In addition, since it is a cycle, it does not have a beginning or an end.Basically, in broader terms, the water cycle is a conceptual model of the movement and the storage of water among the lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and atmosphere (Encyclopedia of the Earth, 2007). Water is stored in the earths major reservoirs such as oceans, rivers, lakes, glaciers, soils, snowfields, groundwater and even the atmosphere (Encyclopedia of the Earth, 2007). As mentioned above, water goes through different processes. These processes wad be chiefly divided into 5 parts condensation, evaporat ion, precipitation, infiltration, and runoff (Encyclopedia of the Earth, 2007).The first process is condensation which occurs when the water vapor transforms into water droplets in the air thereby producing clouds. As these clouds condense further, they hold more moisture. When it can no longer contain the moisture, they release through precipitation, which can be in the form of rain, snow, hail, sleet, and softness drip (Encyclopedia of the Earth, 2007). The water that drops back down to the earth then seeps into the ground through a process called infiltration. On the other hand, if precipitation occurs much fast than it can infiltrate the ground, it then becomes a process called runoff.Basically, runoff water remains on the surface and then subsequently flows to large bo stalls of water such as oceans, rivers, lakes, and seas among others (Encyclopedia of the Earth, 2007). Finally as infiltration and runoff occur simultaneously, evaporation, which is a process driven by the sun , also occurs. Evaporation is the transformation of liquid water into water vapor. This process is largely aided by sunlight as it increases the temperature in lakes, oceans, and seas (Encyclopedia of the Earth, 2007). As the water in these bodies of water heats, its molecules are released and are off into gas.This warm air then rises into the atmosphere and then becomes the water vapor involved in the condensation process, which repeats the hydrologic cycle (Encyclopedia of the Earth, 2007). However, other processes also occur deep down these five processes. One example is sublimation which is the direct transformation of solid water, such as ice and snow, into water vapor without passing through the liquid state (Encyclopedia of the Earth, 2007). Basically, the hydrologic cycle is highly important to the Earth as it provides life to its inhabitants.The cycle basically moves the water through a continuous and constant flow and keeps it sweet-smelling for different uses. For examp le, if water that evaporates does not fall back to the earth through precipitation in the form of rain, then the worlds crops and vegetation would die out and ultimately result in shortages in food. In addition, the oceans and the seas would dry out and kill all marine life. There will also be shortages in water supply as people highly depend on the water that comes from oceans, seas, and lakes. The water shortage would then result in grand thirst and dehydration, which would ultimately kill all human life.On the other hand, if the water does not rise to the air through evaporation after a typhoon, cyclone, or a massive storm, then most parts of the Earth would remain flooded and in the end, all the lands would be submerged underwater. In short, the hydrologic cycle generally keeps the flow and storage of water in a natural state of balance. If this cycle ceases function properly, then all life on Earth would eventually be wiped out due to thirst, hunger, and drought.ReferencesEnc yclopedia of the Earth. (2007). Hydrologic Cycle. Retrieved July 9, 2008 from http//www. eoearth. org/article/Hydrologic_cycle.

Hydraulic Turbines

M.V. Sai RamAP17110020010Branch ECEHere some of the problems I face in the research of the hydraulic turbines. Effect of web numbers on slip factor of hydraulic turbine The change flex of slip factor is shown when the blade numbers change at the design condition . With the attach in blade numbers, the slip factor within centripetal impeller is little by little increased, and the rate of increase is gradu on the wholey decreased.Therefore, with the increase in blade numbers, the slip value within centripetal impeller is in stages decreased. The important reason is that function of restriction of blade gradually strengthens for fluid with the increase in blade numbers it leads to the slip value within centripetal impeller being gradually decreased.Effect of entrance width of centripetal impeller on slip factor of hydraulic turbine.The hydraulic efficiency of a turbine excludes friction losses on the outside of the runner, leakage loss of water that does not auf wiedersehen thro ugh the runner blades and mechanical friction losses. The hydraulic efficiency of a well-designed turbine is 98-99%.Can inter pull through occur between the electric major billet organization and the hydraulic agreement for this frequency range.Velocity and pressure be highly sensitive to the operation conditions.It has been found that the stresses in the trailing edge of the runner blade near the crown setting a critical state in all operating points.AbstractA set of empirical has been fathered which defines the peak efficiency and shape of the efficiency curve for hydraulic turbines as a function commissioning date for the unit ,rated flow, runner speed, and throat or liking turbine jet diameter.The aim of this investigation was to develop an environmentally friendly nano-hydraulic turbine utilizing waterfalls.A model of an impulse type hydraulic turbine constructed and tested with an indoor type waterfall to arrive at an optimum inductance condition. Effects of an install ation parameter, namely distance between the rotor and the waterfall on the power performance were studied. The flow field around the rotor was examined visually to clarify influences of installation conditions on the flow field.The flow visualization showed differences of flow pattern around the rotor by the change of flow rate and rotational speed of the rotor.Every single turbine is custom-designed specifically to meet the requirements of a hydroelectric power plant. Performance of a designed turbine is validated, to some extent, by computational fluid dynamics simulations. Field performance testing of hydraulic turbines is undertaken to define the head-power-discharge relationship that identifies the peak operating point of the turbine.This relationship is essential for the efficient operation of a hydraulic turbine.The art of hydraulic turbine design never stands still but always progresses. In recent years major emphasis has been on the materials of construction and on such fe atures of design as will reduce maintenance work and costly outages in the field.LimitationsHydro power plant or we can say that hydraulic turbines are widely used from the last decades. It is an efficient renewable energy source.There are many up and downs. Hence there Some limitations as shown in below,It is a renewable energy source. Water energy can be used again and again.the running cost of turbine or less match to other.It has high efficiency.It does not pollute environment.It is to maintain.Importance Here the importance of hydraulic turbine and their usesTurbines are used for hydropower generation. There are basically two types of hydraulic turbines, the runner sensation is impulse and the second one is reception type turbines. Impulse turbinesThe use of hydraulic turbines for the generation of power has a very strong historical tradition. The first truly effective inward flow reaction turbine was developed and tested by Francis.Modern Francis turbines have developed i nto very different forms from the original, but they all retain the concept of radial inward flow(Aradag,2018)Hydraulic turbines are not only used to convert hydraulic energy into electricity but also in pumped storage schemes, which is the most efficient large-scale technology available for the storage of electrical energy.Separate pumps and turbines or reversible machines, so called pump turbines, are used in such schemes.(Gordon,2010)The efficient application of advanced CFD is of great practical importance, as the design of hydraulic turbines is customtailored for each project. a CFD-based design order is used to obtain the runner blade shape and characteristics.The hydraulic turbine used to convert the potential energy of water to mechanical energy. Flowing water is enjoin on to the blades of a turbine runner, creating a force on the blades. Since the runner is spinning, the force acts through a distance (force acting through a distance is the translation of work). In this w ay, energy is transferred from the flowing water to the turbine.(Guangtai,2015)In Francis turbines, water enters the turbine runner in the radial direction and leaves axially. The main parts of a Francis turbine are gyre case, stationary vanes, guide vanes, runner, and draft tube, as shown in Figure 1. The flowrate and accordingly the produced power are adjusted by the guide vanes.The spiral case regulates the hurrying profile entryway the turbine, whereas the stationary vanes provide the mechanical strength.3 The most critical part of the turbine, runner, converts the water energy to mechanical energy and rotates the generator(Aradag,2018)A new design of main bearing and carbon seal ring for vertical-shaft Francis turbines provides a bearing immersed in an oil bath covering about one-third of its vertical length.Properly diagonal and shaped oil grooves provide for self lubrication, thereby eliminating the troubles usually associated with mechanical lubrication. (Rheingans,1948) ResearchThe research I have done based on the hydraulic turbines and power plant design. The goals in the development of an optimal water turbine with high efficiency. Can interaction occur between the electric power system and the hydraulic system for this frequency range.Hydraulic turbines of hydroelectric power plants are designed and manufactured according to the head and discharge parameters of a specific plant. Each hydroelectric power plant is different and requires a custom-designed turbine for better performance.Francis-type hydraulic turbines In Francis turbines, water enters the turbine runner in the radial direction and leaves axially. The main parts of a Francis turbine are spiral case, stationary vanes, guide vanes, runner, and draft tube.The flowrate and accordingly the produced power are adjusted by the guide vanes. The spiral case regulates the velocity profile entering the turbine, whereas the stationary vanes provide the mechanical strength.The most critical part of the turbine, runner, converts the water energy to mechanical energy and rotates the generator.The principal feature of a reaction turbine that distinguishes it from an impulse turbine is that only a part of the total head available at the inlet to the turbine is converted to velocity head, before the runner is reached. Also in the reaction turbines the working fluid, instead of engaging only one or two blades, completely fills the passages in the runner.The pressure or static head of the fluid changes gradually as it passes through the runner along with the change in its kinetic energy based on absolute velocity due to the impulse action between the fluid and the runner. DescriptionReference List Brekke,H.(January 08,2010).Performance and Safety of Hydraulic Turbines,12(1),1-11,Beijing, China. Retrieved 9 serve 2018http//iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/12/1/012061Gordon,J.L.(December 18,2001).Hydraulic Turbine Efficiency,28(2),238-253,CanadianJournal of Civil Engin eering. Retrieved 10 March 2018http//www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/l00-102.Wqgl0ehuZPZGuangtai,S.Xiaobing,L.Junhu,Y.Senchun,M.Jicheng,Li.(Juli,2015).heoretical research ofhydraulic turbine performance based on slip factor within centripetal impeller,7(7),1-9.Retrieved 11 March 2018https//doi.org/10.1177/1687814015593864Ikeda,T.Tatsuno,k(January 03,2010).Performance of Nano-hydraulic turbine utilizingwaterfalls,35(1),168.Retrieved 10 March 2018https//www.researchgate.net/publication/222577757_Performance_of_nano-hydraulic_turbine_utilizing_waterfallsKavurmaci,B.Celebioglu,K.Aradag,S.Tascioglu,Y.(June 29,2018),50(3),70-73Model examination of Francis-Type Hydraulic Turbines. Tobb University of Economics andTechnology, Ankara, Turkey. Retrieved 7 March 2018https//doi.org/10.1177/0020294017702284Manness,J.Doering,j(March 26,2005).An improved model for predicting the efficiency ofhydraulic propeller turbines,32(5),789-795, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering. Retrieved9 Marc h 2018http//www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/l05-029.Wqh9suhuZPYhttp//ieeexplore.ieee.org/ account/6444369/authorRudd, F.O. (July 01,1965).Hydraulic Turbine Setting Criteria,87(3),295-298.Technical Engineering Branch Analysis Branch. Retrieved 5 March 2018http//gasturbinespower.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/article.aspx?articleid=1416900